How does the stepper motor work? What are the main control methods

With the continuous development of the motor industry, the technology of stepper motor is more and more advanced and mature, and the application industry is more and more wide, and it is favored by the majority of friends.
 

The working principle and control mode of the stepper motor, many friends are not very understand, the following NOYU simple to introduce it to you! Hope to help you!

Stepper motor working principle:

In fact, the stepper motor is also a more special motor, mainly by changing the size and direction of the electromagnetic field current, so as to control the Angle and speed.

When electricity is applied to the coil in the stator, the coil generates a magnetic field, which is attracted by the magnetic poles on the rotor, causing the rotor to rotate at a fixed Angle. When the electromagnetic coil current in the stator changes direction, the rotor also changes direction. By gradually changing the direction and magnitude of the electromagnetic field, accurate rotation control can be achieved.

Stepper motor control method:

Open loop control: this is a common and commonly used control method, mainly by controlling the motor input pulse signal to control the motor movement, each pulse signal makes the motor rotate a fixed Angle, the rotation direction depends on the direction of the pulse signal, the advantage of this control method is simple, stable, but at high speed or heavy load is easy to lose step.

Closed-loop control: This control method adjusts the control signal by measuring the actual Angle of the motor rotation and the Angle difference of the control signal, so that the motor movement is more accurate. This method requires the installation of an encoder or sensor to measure the Angle of rotation of the motor in real time to adjust the control signal. The advantage of closed-loop control is high precision, but it is expensive and requires a more complex control system.

Vector control: This control method is often used in high-precision and high-speed applications to achieve more accurate control by controlling the phase current of the motor. It requires the use of complex control algorithms to calculate the relationship between the motor current and the control signal, so it requires more computing power. The advantages of vector control are high precision and good stability, but the cost is higher and the control system is more complex.
 

The above is the working principle of the stepper motor and the main control mode, I believe you have a preliminary understanding, I hope these little knowledge can help you!